In the case of US v Rosen the US District Court, E.D. Virginia found that the incriminating statements made by the defendants were admissible even though the investigators misrepresented the reason for the interview and even indicated at one point that the interviews†did not relate to a criminal investigation.† In their decision the court stated, "No Supreme Court or Fourth Circuit decision has ever suppressed a defendant's statements on the sole ground that false statements by law enforcement officers to the defendant rendered the statement involuntary. At most, courts consider police deception or trickery as one factor to consider in a totality of circumstances assessment of voluntariness."